Marketing Electronic Information Resources In Kuwaiti Higher Education Thesis

Essays on Marketing Electronic Information Resources In Kuwaiti Higher Education Thesis The paper "Marketing Electronic Information Resources in Kuwaiti Higher Education Libraries" is a great example of a thesis on marketing. In recent years, Kuwaiti higher education (HE) libraries have faced many challenges as a result of changes in the external environment. Information communication technology (ICT) in particular has led to new approaches to delivering information and library services. The adoption and use of electronic information resources (EIR) have become one of the strategic aims of Kuwaiti HE libraries since providing such facilities to customers, such as students, researchers and faculty staff, is now recognized as being of the most importance. For example, an electronic journal service with suitable searching tools can provide customers with access from their homes or workplaces, thus saving them time (Sweeney, 1997). However, this service is not currently as good as it could be with customers not receiving the levels of service they expect, partially as a res ult of insufficient communication between librarians and customers. It is also due to the enormous increase in the production and dissemination of information, especially at electronic global levels, which has changed the role of the librarian. Consequently, marketing plays a very important role in increasing awareness of EIR services, promoting their use and raising awareness of what higher education libraries provide in general.The case studies in this research, the governmental academic libraries in both the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET) and Kuwait University (KU), subscribe to many databases, but the usage statistics reveal that some databases tend to be neglected. Therefore, marketing plays a role in increasing usage or, at least, in increasing interest in these resources.This multi-disciplinary research combines two areas namely, EIRs and marketing management. It focuses on how academic librarians promote sources of information to their customers. Therefore, the research aims to benefit from the marketing discipline to improve access to EIRs in the context of academic libraries.To date, no comprehensive research has explored the defective and inadequate marketing of EIRs in the Kuwaiti HE libraries context. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to investigate this area and to add to the current knowledge base. Furthermore, recommendations arising from these investigations will be made in relation to improving the marketing of EIR in Kuwaiti HE libraries.Definition of termsCertain terms will be used in this report to avoid ambiguity and to ensure consistency and clarity in interpretation, namely as follows:Electronic Information Resources (EIR): For this research, the term electronic information resources refers to the more established electronic resources that are commonly available in electronic format in academic libraries today, such as the World Wide Web, electronic journals, online public access catalogues (OP ACs), online databases, reference online, electronic mail and electronic books (Hsieh-Yee, 1997).

Childhood Obesity Analysis Free Essays

Parents Child Caretakers Obesity in America is literally a growing problem, affecting every age group. Children are the most venerable group because they have no control over where they have dinner or how often they have fast food. Parents and guardians make decisions about food and are responsible for the health of children. We will write a custom essay sample on Childhood Obesity Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Childhood obesity has more than doubled in the last twenty years. This is concerning because Type Two diabetes is a horrible, crippling disease that is affecting children and teens dramatically whereas the disease was primarily seen in adults. Children are said to have a shorter life span than their parents for the first time ever. In the United States sixty-six percent of adults are overweight and one in three adults are overweight. Children that are overweight usually become overweight teens and possible obese adults. With an increase in processed food and fast food chains springing up everywhere everyone must be very cautious of what they eat and how often the eat fast food. Parents must be especially careful with deciding upon what their children will eat for dinner and other meals away from school. Fast food restaurants are convenient and an obvious choice when parents are short on time getting children from one place to the other. While time may sometimes be short compromising children’s health for the sake of a few minutes is not worth it. It is critical that healthy meals are provided for children to ensure their future health. Social Service Organizations Social Service Organizations such as the Center for Disease Control and Department of Health and Human Services agree that childhood obesity is a growing epidemic. According to Dr. William Dietz of the CDC, the number of children between the ages of 6-11 who are obese has more than doubled over the past 20 years. The main interests of these organizations are children and their health. In today’s society, children are simply not as physically active as they were in the past. Other factors such as growing fast food industries, time and money constraints, and increasing numbers of single parents have contributed to obesity within our children. In order to help children achieve a healthy lifestyle many organizations have created programs that provide school children with healthy snacks, while others sponsor programs designed to promote physical activity. In order for these programs to be successful, it is important that children are aware of the health risks associated with obesity and the benefits of leading a healthy lifestyle. These organizations try to educate children using pamphlets and instruction within the school systems. Many have created their own cartoon characters to promote eating fruits vegetables, and engaging in physical activities. These characters were developed to compete with current advertisements that use characters such as Scooby Doo or Spongebob Squarepants. Children, like many adults, can be swayed when advertisements use attractive sources. Although neither of these organizations claim that advertisements are one of the contributing factors to childhood obesity, they do believe that advertisements can help them to battle the epidemic. These organizations have also yet to hold the fast food industries to blame, they contribute the escalating numbers to be a factor of the environment these children are being raised in. The environment could include anything from the neighborhood the child grows up in and the neighborhood grocery store’s selection of fresh fruits vegetables to more recently adapted things such as the fast food restaurants on every corner video game systems in most homes. As stated earlier, the main interests of these organizations are the children and their health. Based on these interest, Social Service Organizations across the United States are actively promoting â€Å"healthy lifestyles† and will continue to battle this growing epidemic. Public Policy Makers Public Policy Makers are pushing efforts on all levels, to include federal, state, local, and community organizations, to combat the growing disease known as childhood obesity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, childhood obesity effects more than 9 million children and teenagers between the ages of 6-19 in the United States with another 8 million considered â€Å"at risk† of becoming obese. These staggering figures have cause groups to form all across the country and organize their efforts to prevent this disease. One such organization is the Leadership for Healthy Communities, which is a national program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF). The RWJF holds summits nationwide events calling on policy leaders nationwide to advance healthy eating and  active living options in their communities. According to the RWJF, a special emphasis has een placed on collaborative state and community policy approaches that address childhood obesity among vulnerable populations disproportionately affected by the epidemic. The RWJF also has a panel, which consists of its chairmen, doctors, lawyers, but more importantly politicians on the state and federal level who are taking childhood obesity head-on and working with organizations like the RWJF to promote healthy, cost effective change in communities nationwide. Arkansas, as well as many other states, has adopted legislation preventing the sale of â€Å"fatty foods† within its public schools. Arkansas Act 1220 was adopted and immediately implemented in 2003, creating the state’s first Child Health Advisory Committee, which coordinates Statewide Efforts to Combat Childhood Obesity and related Illnesses and works to improve the Health of the Next Generation of Arkansans, and banned the sale of â€Å"fatty foods and soft drinks† within public schools of all levels. The amount of legislation passed and adopted grew dramatically from 2003 to 2005. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention performed a nationwide scan of legislation from all 50 states to determine how much, if any, legislation had been or is in the process of being passed by state governments to combat childhood obesity. From this study, the CDC identified 717 bills and 134 resolutions that focus on childhood obesity. The results pulled from this study are as follows: 17% of bills and 53% of resolutions were adopted on the state level. The CDC statistically grouped all legislation and resolutions passed into topic areas with most legislation focusing on school nutrition standards and vending machines, physical education and activity, and studies, councils, or task forces created for the prevention of childhood obesity on the community level. Community related topic areas adopted through bills were walking and biking paths, which accounted for 37% of bills passed, farmers’ markets, which accounted for 36% of bills passed, and statewide initiatives which focus primarily on model school policies and safe routes to school. Overall, the government, all both the federal and state level, has actively engaged and combated childhood obesity and will continue to do so until the disease is under control and decreased. Insurance Companies Growing obesity rates equals growing healthcare costs. Health insurance rates have been rising, with double-digit increases in the past 3 years. Obesity is known to considerably increase your chances of stroke, heart disease, diabetes, and other serious health problems. According to the Surgeon General’s office, obesity cost the economy more than $100 billion a year. Insurance companies are aware of these costs associated with obesity, therefore, if you are an overweight individual trying to obtain health insurance, you may either be denied or will be forced to pay more for coverage, up to twice as much. We can’t blame all of the rising costs of health care on the obese population but if the majority of our nation is obese and it is substantially more expensive to insure an overweight individual, one can begin to see the impact it plays on our costs as a whole. According to the Department of Health and Human Services, a new revised Medicare obesity coverage policy has been put into effect. Medicare will now be able to review scientific evidence in order to determine whether the specific treatments related to obesity would be covered by Medicare. Lawyers Lawyers along with others are suing companies that are making what is on America’s plates. Fault is being thrown around the court room as to who’s really to blame for the obesity epidemic in America today. Lawsuits for unhealthy foods being marketed to young children are turning up everywhere. Many believe that cartoon characters used to market these foods are to blame in this mess of lawsuits. Lawyers are also saying that it may not be the lack of will but the addictive nature of the food causing obesity. On the other hand lawyers representing food companies say that this conclusion is junk science and the behaviors of those who overeat are not similar to those with addictions. With all of these lawsuits turning up there are many food companies changing their marketing strategy along with their image and actual product to be healthy choices. How to cite Childhood Obesity Analysis, Papers

Gay Rights Essay Example For Students

Gay Rights Essay No one needs to be looked down uponTwo men want to adopt a child in Texas. They have been together for five years and a child would be the one detail that would complete their lives. They filled out the application and it was perfect†¦ it was the perfect home for a child; except there was one small problem that caused their application to be rejected; the fact that they were gay. These people can never have the life that they desire because of their sexual orientation. Scenes like this are happening all over the country and they are going against every thing America stands for. Every one should have the basic privileges of marriage, children, working at a certain place and much more despite their sexuality. There are reasons for and against to deny homosexuals the rights that heterosexuals have . There is no need to take away peoples dreams and freedoms just because they are different. Homosexuals should have the same legal rights and privileges as heterosexuals in the community and elsewhere. Together with much controversy the state of Vermont has taken a step in the direction of honoring homosexuality. In April of 2000 the House passed a Bill of Civil Unions. (Vermont governor) This bill grants gay and lesbians the benefits of marriage. The governor promised to sign the bill, and the first civil unions may take place July 1st, 2000.(Vermont’s gay marriage bill). Consequently some people are outraged by this decision. Dr. Laura Schessionger has been urging her listeners to demonstrate by calls and mail to Vermont that they are outraged by this new bill (Stop Dr. Laura). She is one of the many opposed to being gay. She calls she calls homosexuality â€Å"Deviant and Dysfunctional,† she also calls homosexuals â€Å"biological mistakes† (Stop Dr. Laura) Even if homosexuality is dysfunctional does that mean we have a right to outlaw that lifestyle because the majority opposes it? â€Å"I think it is courageous and powerful statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬  a Vermont Democrat said. (Qtd. Vermont governor). This issue is such a hard call to make about marriages between same sex couples. There is a great deal of controversy and an almost equal balance of supporters and those opposed to the proposition. In fact the House passed the bill on a small 19-11 majority.( Gay benefits) It’s evident that there are some homosexual supporters who are not homosexual. In spite of that Vermont realizes that there are basic need people that people required. â€Å"Vermont is taking care of its gay and lesbian citizens in away that other states are not.† Said David Smith of the Human Rights Campaign. . (Gay benefits) One of these needs of life is to have a family. People need love and security as much as they need any thing else in a life and no one can deny that. This may possibly also mean that people would travel to Vermont for their civil union ceremony and go back to a state where marriage/civil unions are not allowed. In response to the idea of traveling to Vermont for the purpose of marriage other states in all probability will not recognize Vermont civil unions. (Vermont’s gay marriage bill) This means these states won’t give them the benefits of marriage/civil union like medical responsibility and state taxes. In fact California has proposed a law that would not recognize marriages from other states.(California passes ban) The state would be as legally sneaky as possible. They are doing something called â€Å"Limit on Marriage. † ( qtd. California passes ban) They are insuring that marriage remains a â€Å"bond between a man and a woman.† (qtd. McCaleb) How can you say these people aren’t against same-sex marriages?As soon as Vermont passed its new bill allowing Civil Unions many people stood by with signs and protested. .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829 , .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829 .postImageUrl , .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829 , .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829:hover , .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829:visited , .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829:active { border:0!important; } .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829:active , .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829 .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7d660d636d9c4ab6d9de1f75b4d2d829:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on South Park as Parody of Society Essay They are so clearly opposed to them you would have to be blind not to see it. California is trying to bend the rules so they won’t have to deal with gay marriages. Miriam G. Santacruz clearly says that under California law, â€Å"†¦it also recognizes marriages from other states. † (qtd. McCaleb) So they will be changing the laws because of, â€Å"most people believe marriage should be between a man and a woman,† like Santacruz says. Alongside of California the state of West Virginia is also thinking a similar bill. (Without Standing) This bill would be passed by primarily heterosexuals, also known as the majority of people in the U. S. Throughout time America is not a place where we change to make the majority happy, here in America we care more about individual rights. As Dan Faber said, â€Å"We go through the same things heterosexuals do.† (qtd. McAllen) Nevertheless 30 other states have passed laws stating that they would not recognize same sex marriages from other states. (McCaleb) 30 other states are willing to sacrifice one minorities right for the beliefs held by majorities it is starting to look like. It is evident that the gay community is not being treated fairly and given their just privileges. This community is not being treated the same as others in fact. Like patron Gary Murphy said, â€Å"What is so ensuring is that gay people will remain second-class citizens,†. (Qtd. California passes ban) What other ways are these people being treated like second-class citizens? An additional story is of a woman, a woman in Trenton New Jersey who was denied joint custody of her twins. (joint custody denied) She is only allowed visitation of her children because she is the lesbian partner and is not of actual blood to the children otherwise she would most likely have joint custody. The only reason she even gets that little privilege is because she holds a status as a â€Å"psychological parent.† Instead her lesbian partner has custody because she is the one who gave birth through artificial insemination in 1994. (joint custody denied) I find this all very terrible. It is the worst feeling in the world not to have your children. Also the associate justice Virginia Long said, â€Å"Each appears to be a fully capable, loving parent committed to the safety and welfare of the twins.† What I keep thinking is if this woman is a good capable parent what is the matter? The answer is nothing†¦ the only thing that is keeping her from her children is the fact she is a lesbian. Does that mean if my father became gay he would loose all rights to me? That is not right at all. He would still be the same parent he was before. Like the woman in this case said, â€Å"Biology truly doesn’t have anything to do with a parent providing a loving, nurturing environment.† (. joint custody denied) I’m very sure most would agree. Some are still not pleased with this ruling. Despite the fact that they think that same-sex couples should not have children at all they state that this ruling sets an example. Beatrice Dohrn, legal director of the Lambda Legal Defense Fund, said it secures parental status for nonbiological parents in gay families. (. joint custody denied) Considering that many other states are ruling the same in such cases of parenting and adoption, like the case in Mass. Over two women and their 3 year old son and the couple are separating. (court won’t review) There is also a Florida mans is getting a chance to sue for the ban on adoption to homosexuals. (Florida man can Sue) She should realize the inevitable; the average American family is changing. For example in Florida a man is filing a suit because of their ban on gay adoptions. .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8 , .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8 .postImageUrl , .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8 , .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8:hover , .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8:visited , .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8:active { border:0!important; } .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8:active , .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8 .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubae860d3760c97a70c2dca73069c28d8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Inhumanity of Mankind in Othello Essay The American Civil Liberties Union is taking the case. (Florida man can Sue) You can see the idea is spreading over the U.S. that the average family is not what is used to be years ago. All sorts of ways of life are changing in the U.S. right now. For years churches were strongly opposed to homosexuality. Now thanks to the efforts of the Methodist Church homosexuals are allowed to go and worship and in fact the Methodist church in Omaha has agreed to allow gay members of the congregation. (First United Methodist) furthermore the people of this church voted and 85% voted in favor. (First United Methodist) I think this is a wonderful step because faith and spirituality are a big part of a persons life. It is just as important, if not possibly more as work and family. The Methodists realize that homosexuality is a growing issue that can not be stopped. From the looks of it they are following the saying â€Å"If you can’t beat them, join them.† That is exactly what they are doing. The Methodists are pushing to let homosexuals join their congregations nation wide. (First United Methodist) Most are hoping that this will set a precedence to show that being same-sex oriented is not a sin or a crime in the eyes of God unlike it was thought to be years ago. So now with the changing times we ask the question of what is right in America. The answer is fair treatment; it’s very simple don’t you think? I don’t find it very hard to be polite and fair. It’s not that hard to do. Most would say that it was a fair desire. Every one has life long dreams that you want more then any thing in your life like children, marriage, and faith. The homosexual community doesn’t have these privileges. It’s evident that the homosexual community deserves to be treated fairly. No one needs to be looked down upon and not given the same treatment and rights every other person seems to have. It looks like we are taking the right steps to ensure what these people, and all people deserve; life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Social Issues

Post-Romanticism In Music free essay sample

Effects rejection of romantic style, form, philosophy by late 19th early 20th Cent. composers. Major works, impressionism, atonality, innovations. This paper is a study of the consequences of romanticism in Western music. Much of the work of 19th century composers was influenced by a sweeping desire to express emotion through music, explore varied forms and lengths of composition, and link music to the other arts, especially literature. The romantic movement encouraged composers to find their individual voices, both in the work they wrote and in the way they supported their art. It released music from the formality of classicism and laid the groundwork for many elements that are now established in modern music, from the variable size of the orchestra to the appreciation of the conductors importance to performance and interpretation. As the century ended, however, composers began to believe that the romantics had fully explored the limits of major-minor tonality. We will write a custom essay sample on Post-Romanticism In Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In moving beyond what they saw then as

Theodore Roosevelt My Legacy Leader essayEssay Writing Service

Theodore Roosevelt My Legacy Leader essayEssay Writing Service Theodore Roosevelt My Legacy Leader essay Theodore Roosevelt My Legacy Leader essayLeadership is crucial for the military as well as politicians. At the same time, leadership is not just the innate quality but it is also the acquired set of skills and abilities, which leaders develop in the course of their personal and professional development. Leadership is particularly important for the military as well as for politicians because they have to perform roles of leaders in the course of their career to reach success. Moreover, leadership is not only a strong element of the professional development of the military and politicians but also a part of their responsibility because the military have to lead soldiers into the battle and help them to reach their unit’s tasks, while politicians also have to be leaders since they represent a large number of people, who vote for them and whose interests they serve. In this regard, I believe that I can also succeed as the military and politician due to my leadership skills and abi lities. At the same time, I believe Theodore Roosevelt was the prominent leader, whose experience is worth studying and whose way is worth following, because he was a prominent and successful leader, who was close to his people and who had charisma that made many people following his lead. However, what makes Theodore Roosevelt particularly important for me as a leader model is his proximity to his people since he seemed to be just one of his soldiers, when he was in the military, and he was just like a guy living next door, when he was the President of the US. In this regard, the legacy of Theodore Roosevelt proves the full extent to which effective leadership is important in both the military and politics because, as the military, he united cowboys and led his guys into the Spanish-American war as the true military leader, and he enhanced the position of the US as the world power as the political leader of the country. This is why I believe leadership is the key to the professiona l success and effective performance in the field of the military and politics.The importance of leadership in the military and politics reveals the close interrelatedness between these two fields. To put it more precisely, as the experience of Theodore Roosevelt shows, the army is an essential component of any state and a state cannot be strong and successful without the army. At the same time, a strong army cannot exist in a state, where there are no strong, charismatic and reasonable leaders. They can develop the successful policy that makes the state stronger, while the army relies on wise state policies and enhances the state through its deployment to protect national interests.The army is the core of any state but the effective and successful army can exist only on the condition of soldiers and officers, who can serve to their nation and stand for national interests of the state and its people. Professionals serving in the army, especially those, who want to become leaders, hav e to be aware of key competences and features that army leaders should match as well as all professionals serving in the army should. At this point, it is possible to refer to the army’s 3Cs, which include character, competence, and commitment. These features are crucial for soldiers and officers because they comprise the core of a true military.The character implies that an army professional’s dedication and adherence to the Army values, virtues, purpose, identity, ethics, and morals as consistently and faithfully demonstrated in decisions and actions. The respect and adherence to the army values, virtues, purpose, identity, ethics and morals are crucial for professionals working in the military because they should be aware of the background of the organization, where they work and stick to its system of values. Otherwise, there is no room for professionals, who disregard the traditional set of values of the US army. The successful military leadership starts with unde rstanding the army’s set of values, its character and adherence to those values. The leader should not only manifest respect and understanding of those values but also personify them to make soldiers following his/her lead.The competence means that an army professional’s demonstrated ability to successfully perform their duties and to accomplish the mission with discipline and to standard. Professionals working in the army should be able to perform their duties perfectly, especially leaders. Discipline and fulfillment of duties are primary concerns of soldiers and officers because they are crucial for the army. In fact, discipline and fulfillment of duties determine, whether the army can perform its military tasks successfully or not (Hendrix, 2009). The lack of discipline or poor fulfillment of professional duties by the military can lead to the failure of military operations and undermine the effectiveness of the army. On the contrary, the ability of the army and pro fessionals working in the army to stick to the strict discipline and fulfillment of their duties makes the army, which is properly equipped and supplied, virtually undefeatable.The commitment implies that the resolve of army professionals to contribute Honorable Service to the Nation, to perform their duties with discipline and to standards, and to strive to successfully and ethically accomplish the mission despite adversity, obstacles, and challenge. The commitment is essential for the successful development of a leader in the military environment. More important, the commitment can contribute to the development of the successful political career. The rise of the political leader committed to his or her nation is one of the essential conditions of the popularity of the leader among people. People adore leaders committed to nation and traditional American values, as was the case of Theodore Roosevelt, for example, who manifested his commitment to the US and traditional American valu es. This is why his people adored him as the military leader and Americans liked him as the political leader of the nation.Theodore Roosevelt is my leader of influence, whose attributes and competencies contributed to the military and the community consistently. He was a charismatic leader, who stuck closely to traditional American values. Even though, in some respects, his traditionalism was excessive. For example, he was renowned for his robust masculinity but, in his time, this was a distinct feature of the leader and male domination was traditional in the US in the late 19th – early 20th century (Rofe, 2008). At the same time, he was a charismatic leader with a strong will. For example, he grew as a weak child, who suffered from asthma. However, in spite of his serious health problems, he focused on his physical development. For example, he practiced boxing at Harvard. In addition, he was ambidextrous and proficient in different fields, from biology to history. In such a way, a true leader cannot be skilled in one field only, like the military, for example. Instead, the leader should be like Theodore Roosevelt, proficient in different fields and be physically and intellectually well-developed.At this point, the development of my leader of influence contributed to his personal growth and development as a soldier and leader (Ricard, 2006). For example, his strong will and physical training, along with his habit to overcome difficulties and challenges, have proved to be very useful for his personal growth and development as a soldier and leader. Moreover, he was a true patriot of the US, who loved his fatherland and believed that the US should play the leading part in the region. This is why he headed his regiment of cowboys in the Spanish American war, while his activities and wins in Cuba had brought him the national approval and recognition.Furthermore, he had proved to be a true leader, who was recognized and followed blindly by his soldiers (Holme s, 2006). His soldiers really liked him and they were ready to follow his lead, even when operations conducted by Roosevelt were risky. Moreover, it was Roosevelt, who persuaded them to join him and take part in the Spanish American war. Roosevelt was also the leader, who had managed to unite western and eastern cowboys.The legacy that I would like to leave is similar to the legacy of Theodore Roosevelt. Americans liked him and ignored his pitfalls. The legacy that I want to leave is one that can effectively and positively affect the lives of the soldiers that serve under me and my family. I would like soldiers under my lead to follow me blindly and believe in every move that I make without hesitation so that I could rely on my soldiers and conduct military operations under my lead and responsibility (Oyos, 2011).   At the same time, I would also like to be a leader, whom soldiers remember and like. Moreover, I would also like to be a leader, who establishes the family environment within his military unit, when each soldier treats each other as family members and are ready to die for each other.   At the same time, I believe that the true military leader keeps growing not only professionally but also personally. For example, while serving in the military I have become a better father and husband and that by being a father and husband I am a better soldier.Thus, leadership is crucial for military and political leaders. At this point, it is possible to refer to the example of Theodore Roosevelt, who was the true leader of the army and the entire nation. His soldiers perceived him like a father, while the nation perceived him as a true national leader, who stood for national interests of the US and stuck to traditional American values. This is why I would like to be similar to Theodore Roosevelt as the military and political leader. His legacy is worth studying and his leadership model is worth following. As for me, I expect to have the similar legacy and I w ould like my soldiers liked me and treated me like a father.

ACT Prep

Is There Asian-American Discrimination in College Admissions and SAT / ACT Prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Recently, there has been substantial coverage about whether colleges discriminate against Asian-Americans in admissions and even test prep. What does that mean for these students? How should such students navigate SAT / ACT prep and college admissions? This article surveys the current state of admissions and gives some tips. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent those of PrepScholar or any affiliate. While even broaching this topic can be seen as controversial, I also believe, as an educator, that I’m responsible for giving advice that helps the greatest number of students understand the landscape. This article specifically addresses Asian-Americans applying from the US and not applicants directly applying from Asia. Introduction The intersection of race and college admissions has always been a sensitive issue, but recently it has boiled over to the front pages of newspapers. Sociology professor Thomas Espenshade writes that â€Å"To receive equal consideration by elite colleges, Asian-Americans must outperform Whites by 140 points [on the 1600-scale SAT].† Data from the National Center for Education Statistics show that, while Asians of college age doubled in the last 25 years, their enrollment rates at Ivy-League schools have stayed the same. S.B. Woo, founder of the National Asian-American Educational Foundation,concludes that the â€Å"discrimination is obvious†. Others defend using race as a factor in admissions. Director of Education Equity Khin Aung argues that considering race allows benefits of diversity such as â€Å"creating the most effective learning environment.† Jeff Neal, a spokesperson at Harvard, states that Harvard â€Å"continues to support the use of holistic admissions process," which implicitly includes race. To catch up with the current state of conversation on the topic, all you have to do is Google â€Å"Asian college admissions†. Are Asian-Americans Discriminated Against in College Admissions? The value of affirmative action is controversial, but the existence of affirmative action is undisputed. The vast majority of experts in college admissions and SAT / ACT prep agree that affirmative action exists - college admissions is not totally blind to race. Given an ACT / SAT score range, it is an empirical fact that Asian-Americans have a lower acceptance rate than the average white American in many data setssuch as the Espenshade and Radford 1997 elite college admissions data. Likewise, a survey of the admitted class of 2017 at Harvard revealed that SAT scores for Asians (including Indians) were higher than those of whites. However, as anyone who has studied statistics can tell you (and I do have a Master’s degree in the field), those facts above are correlations and not causations. They suggest, but do not prove, that an Asian-American with otherwise the same application to the same school as a white American will have a lower chance of admission. I call this the Hypothesis that being Asian Lowers Admissions Chances (HALAC). HALAC, of course, implies that being Asian means that getting into a given college will be harderfor you than for a white American. What This Article Does and Does Not Do This article will give you advice as to what an Asian-American may want to consider doing to maximize chances of college admissions. On both the front of the university and the government, policy moves too slowly for it to help most Asian-Americans with this issue. Therefore, this article doesn't take any stance on the correct institutional policies or political views as a response to HALAC. Additionally, given that causality is difficult to prove, this article doesn't take a stance on whether causally the HALAC effect exists. Instead, this article focuses on things you, as an Asian-American, can do right now to maximize your chances of being accepted into top colleges. If you read through the evidence and believe that the HALAC effect exists, then the suggestions below can be useful to you. If you Google the evidence and don't think it supports HALAC, that's fine too - the advice below will be less applicable to you in that case. What Doesn't Work Before I give you the tips for what works for Asian applicants under the HALAC effect, I will first go over what absolutely doesn’t work. First, lying doesn’t work nearly as well as you might think.What if you just don’t check the Asian box? What if you check â€Å"don’t want to disclose†? The problem is that colleges can often tell your race through other means. You do have to give colleges your legal name - if your last name is Nguyen, Lee, Kim, or Patel, for example, the admissions staff will almost certainly figure it out. What about just changing your name or making up your name? This will really get you into hot water as colleges are pretty good about calling your past teachers and running background checks on you. A good rule of thumb is this: if a casual friend who knows you would unambiguously say you’re of Asian ethnicity, it’s hard to get around it. Just put down that you’re Asian and be done with it. By telling the truth on your name and ethnicity box, you at least signal honesty. On the other hand, if you have a legitimate reason for not identifying as Asian, then you can, in fact, consider this path. Suppose you’re genetically 25% Asian and 75% Hispanic, and your parents were both born in the United States. Some college applications ask you to identify with one or as many ethnicities as you want. Under the HALAC effect you probably do want to omit Asian, if allowed. Also, mass action will rarely work to your advantage for admissions. By mass action, I mean protesting the HALAC effect, suing colleges, complaining to the government, and so forth. Colleges may be reluctant to admit a student likely to cause the administration a headache.Remember, university administration is a highly political entity. The government political process also works way too slowly. It will cost millions to fight it out in court and years to reach a judgment. If your goal is to raise your chances of admissions under the HALAC effect, I would think twice about filing an official grievance. Of course, there are other fine reasons that you may want to take mass action in the future, perhaps due to your political or ethical beliefs. However, I’m just telling you that, almost always, taking official or mass action won’t increase your personal short-term chances of getting into a certain school. Who Does This Article Apply To? This article applies much more to Americans of Asian heritage, i.e. students who have studied in the US at least a few years before they apply to college. It applies much less to students who are applying directly from another country. These latter students are better classified as international students. For them, there is a whole set of other factors that are more important - for example appetite of a college for internationalstudents, authenticity of documents, etc. Throughout this article, the term â€Å"Asian† includes Indian and other ethnically related neighbors - since the data across these groups are all similar. How You Can Combat the HALAC Effect Now that you understand what the HALAC effect is, how can you use that information to increase your chances of getting into top schools? Below are three strategies for combating the HALAC effect; read through them to learn how to maximize your chances of admission. Step 1: Account for the HALAC Effect Before you can combat the HALAC effect, first you have to find where it exists. The HALAC effect is not something that can be magically erased by easy action on your part. Therefore, in response to the HALAC effect, the first and most important thing that a student of Asian heritage should do is to account for it correctly. By this, I mean realizing that your chances of getting in are lower and planning accordingly which colleges you’ll apply to and how you’ll apply to them. Accounting for the HALAC effectmeans that you should adjust where your reach, target, and safety schools are. Instead of putting them as high as you might otherwise, target them a little lower. If you target too high, you run the risk of overshooting - not getting into the target schools of your choice and instead getting into a safety school that you didn’t spend much time researching. You should also account for the HALAC effect more at classically â€Å"elite† colleges. Colleges that are US News ranked 1-10 probably suffer most from HALAC, with the effect decreasing through colleges 10-50 in rank. The effect becomes much lower in colleges ranked above 50. In fact, most HALAC studies focus on the top colleges for exactly this reason: the effects are more concentrated and more statistically significant there. There are many potential reasons for the concentration of the HALAC effect on highly ranked colleges. Proportionally, more Asians apply to these colleges, leading to the HALAC effect when colleges diversify away from Asians. Also, these schools tend to care the most about diversity factors because they are already oversubscribed by great academic performers. These diversity factors tend to be big drivers of the HALAC effect. Conversely, a more moderately rated college will show a lesser HALAC effect because, to them, someone academically strong is itself a great asset. How do you account for the HALAC effect? One method is to apply to more colleges when doing applications. Apply to three times the number of reach schools you would otherwise and twice the number of target schools. Applying to more schools ensures that you compensate for lower chances due to HALAC. The more accurate method to account for HALAC is to just do an SAT / ACT score adjustment. That is, lower your SAT by 100 points (on the 1600 scale) or yourACT score by 2 points, and then go through the colleges you’re applying to â€Å"as if† you got your adjusted score. For example, if you really got a 1500 on your SAT, think of your chances of getting into college as if you got a 1400 instead. When you look up your chances using our â€Å"what are my chances table†, use 1400 instead of 1500. By doing this adjustment, you’ll correctly identifythe right reach, target, and safety schools. Why 100 points on the SAT and 2 points on the ACT? These are rough numbers that are closest to a large set of consensus estimates for the HALAC effect. They’re a little lower than the Espenshade study but higher than some other casual surveys. I should disclaim that these numbers are rules of thumb and not hard scientific numbers. Also, for rank 1-10 schools, you should adjust for the full 100 points, but if you’re applying to schools ranked 10-50, a rule of thumb is you can account for just a 50-point adjustment. The adjustment beyond rank 50 will be smaller still. Step 2: Combat the HALAC Effect Through Test Scores Given that Asians need a 100-point increase on the 1600-SAT to reach the same admissions chances, another way to combat the effect is just by having a higher SAT / ACT score.This does require more time and dedication, but it’s definitely possible. It’s not easy to improve by 100 points on the SAT or 2 points on the ACT. However, such improvements are definitely doable. In fact, we at PrepScholar have a 160-point guarantee for the SATand a 4-point guarantee for the ACT.You’ll need to work harder, but you can overcome the HALAC effect this way. Some stereotype Asians as studying more than usual forthe SAT / ACT. However, with their need to score higher just to have the same chances under HALAC, this behavioris much less of a surprise. Step 3: Combat the HALAC Effect Through Diversity in Other Areas To combat HALAC closer to its roots, it’s useful to examine how the HALAC effect arises. Supporters of affirmative action, including the universities themselves, always emphasize diversity as the primary goal. While one can argue about whether that is the sole goal of affirmative action, it is clear that diversity provides a strong channel to drive the HALAC effect. Looking at the diversity driver of the HALAC effect will be another key for Asians to overcome it. Under this diversity driver model, the reason HALAC occurs is because, in the eyes of admissions officers, too many Asian applicants all look the same on paper. They are too similar along too many dimensions. These applicants all do well in school, have high ACT / SAT scores, play violin or piano, and play a racketsport like tennis. Oh and, of course, they are all Asian. The problem from the point of diversity isn’t that an applicant is merely Asian, but rather that an entire host of applicants all look the same along other dimensions. A colorful but useful analogy for the diversity needs of colleges is putting horses into barn stalls. The horses represent applicants, and the barn stalls are the â€Å"spaces† and archetypes that the school has for these applicants. One stall might be labeledâ€Å"Asian, high grades, piano player† - and this stall is overfilled. But if you were white, the â€Å"white, high grades, piano player† stall is only half full! You can’t change your ethnicity, but you can definitely change your other labels, your other dimensions. It turns out that â€Å"Asian, high grades, lacrosse star† is wide open too! Why not fill that stall instead? Put in more theoretical terms, to the extent the HALAC effect is about diversity, you can generate diversity along other dimensions. Instead of being an Asian who’s a top ranked violin player (stereotypical Asian), why not try being a top guitar player? You can go further than that. While a guitar is not stereotypically Asian, it is still a very common instrument. Perhaps you are better off trying to be a top French horn player? Instead of playing badminton, why not try soccer or squash? Generally, think about what the stereotypical Asian applicant looks like. If you can be equally good along a dimension but break the stereotype, it is definitely to your advantage. Being in your state’s top 20 tennis players is probably less advantageous than being one of your state’s top 20 lacrosse players. Being a top 50 debater in your state is probably better than being a top 50 math competitor. It is important that you break the Asian stereotype in ways that are low cost to you. If you can jump from being a top 20 tennis player to a top 20 lacrosse player for free, you definitely should. But life is rarely that simple - and that’s just one of many reasons I don’t like the plain advice â€Å"appear less Asian†. What if you’re a nationally ranked tennis player and don’t know a thing about lacrosse? What if math is your passion and debating is more boring to you than breaking rocks? You have to account for the fact that breaking stereotypes can be costly. I would say that, for an Asian applicant, a rank 50 state debater is stronger than a rank 50 math competitor. But a rank 50 debater is definitely weaker than a rank 5 state math competitor and is probably equal to a rank 20 state math competitor. When it comes to top colleges, they care about what you’re best at and your natural spike. I would be extremely cautious about sacrificing your best dimension in the name of diversity. In fact, I would almost never sacrifice your spike for diversity. The take-away message is this: if you can diversify in extracurriculars at low cost, then do it. However, if you have a special talent, and it happens to be in an area that â€Å"looks Asian†, then don’t give it up. The right calibration is probably a loss of 2x in rank. If you can switch from an Asian-heavy activity to an Asian-light one and lose just 1.5x in rank (e.g. rank 20 to rank 30), then make the switch. But if you have to give up 4x in rank (rank 20 to rank 80), don’t make the switch. Summary Hopefully, the above article gives you a good sense of the unique landscape that Asian-American applicants face in United States college admissions. We started out with some background on the debate - although if you want the full story it’s best to Google the controversy yourself. Then we talked about what the data shows and whether you believe in the Hypothesis of Asians having Lower Admissions Chances. In such a case, we examined how big the HALAC effect can be (about 100 points on the SAT scale). The good news is that there are steps Asian-Americans can take to increase their chances. First, look for diversity in dimensions beyond race; look for diversity in extracurriculars. Second, it’s important to ensure that you’re strong on the SAT / ACT front to make up those 100 points. Do both of these things and you'll give yourself a much better shot at getting into your dream schools. What's Next? Want to improve your SAT score so that you have a better chance of getting into topschools? Learn how studying can get you a perfect SAT score! Wondering which extracurriculars you should join to help yourself stand out? We have guides that include hundreds of extracurriculars ideas andexamples of amazing extracurriculars that are sure to impress colleges. Want more information on what it takes to get into top schools? Learn how to get accepted to Harvard and the Ivy League, written by a Harvard alum. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dr. Fred Zhang About the Author Fred is co-founder of PrepScholar. He scored a perfect score on the SAT and is passionate about sharing information with aspiring students. 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Role of international organizations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Role of international organizations - Case Study Example International cooperation is likely to occur where same interests exist across all the parties. There are important theories that share an assumption that interstate bargaining is costly as it involves money, energy, personnel, and resources (Martins and Simmons, 1998). This idea that there are high transaction costs involved in the formation of IOs has led to the conclusion that the institutions are naturally sticky. This means the change in IOs does not easily take place and it is a slow process. Public organizations are governed by a complex system of rules. The public institutions are led by international administrators thus it is not out of the ordinary to note that change hardly occurs. It was observed that only a few IOs that existed in the 1980s were still active in the 1990s. This period saw the collapse of many IOs but new ones were created. These were known as the second generation IOs that include UNDP, UN, UNCTAD, IDA, IFC, and World Bank. These were created through the actions of other IOs and are probably less important than the traditionally created ones but they are led by institutional rules, goals, and commitments. These emanations comprised 70% of the population in 1992; this was an increase from 64% a decade earlier as stated by Cheryl et al. (1998). The mortality of IOs is hard to understand given that they are known to be naturally sticky. First, the longer the institutions have been in existence, the more likely they are to survive. Secondly, the failure of the Eastern bloc and the political and economic instability in Africa led to the collapse of the IOs in the region. Finally, the mortality rate was higher for second and third generation IOs than the treaty ones where the stickiness issues were more likely to be seen. The current work on IOs has provided limited insight into the processes of institutional change. IOs in the policy areas characterized by unattractive options leave dissatisfied member states with minimum leverage, therefore, tend to be dependent and rigid (Mibler, 2008). Those with attractive options change relatively in response to underlying shifts in the member interest and capabilities.